Articles tagged ”Charge Variants”
A Middle-up Approach using FabALACTICA for Characterization of Bispecific Antibodies
In recent years, bispecifics have gained popularity due to their therapeutic advantages over conventional IgG’s. In particular, the T-cell bi-specifics have received a great deal of attention due to their potential for improved efficacy. However, because of their complex TCB formats, there are multiple challenges associated with manufacturing and analysis of these type of biomolecules. A number of product and process related side products are formed which require close monitoring and identification. Moreover, the existence of various charge variants is common which can be challenging to fully characterize and understand.
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FabRICATOR used to Locate Modification Sites of IgG Caused by Reducing Agents
A charge heterogeneity is an unfavorable phenomenon observed for mAbs and is considered as a critical quality attribute since it can alter the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of biopharmaceuticals. Acidic and basic species of an IgG are due to various chemical modifications on the molecule. The origin of acidic species has previously been reported to be formed by deamidation, oxidation of side-chains, cysteinylation, glycosylation, glycation, sialylation and fragmentation while the basic species comes from C-terminal lysine clipping, pyro-glu cyclization, succinimide formation and aggregation. Scientists at Boehringer Ingelheim together with scientists at NMI at University of Tübingen recently published a study characterizing the root cause of charged species of an IgG1 mAb.
C-terminal lysine clipping and Fc receptor binding using SmartEnzymes
Researchers at LFB Biotechnologies in Paris, France have carried out a thorough analysis and characterization of the impact of C-terminal lysine clipping to Fc-receptor binding using a range of SmartEnzymes from Genovis.
The scientists separated an IgG1 antibody using SCX separation and purified the fractions without C-terminal lysines K0, with 1 C-terminal lysine K1 and with both lysines intact K2. The purified fractions were characterized for any further differences using FabRICATOR digestion and middle-level analysis. This approached enabled the researchers to study multiple post-translational modifications such as charge variants, oxidations and Fc glycosylation in a simple and robust way. The characterization revealed that the lysine heterogeneity was the main differentiator and all other PTMs were distributed between the fractions.
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Charge Heterogeneity Analysis of Antibody Subunits Generated by FragIT
Charge heterogeneity of monoclonal antibodies is an important critical quality attribute that requires close monitoring due to its potential impact on antibody efficacy and immunogenicity. Since the heterogeneity is mostly caused by post translational modifications such as C-terminal lysine clipping, deamidation, glycation, sialic acid or adduct formation, these modifications can pose significant challenges to the analytical scientists. Read more »