Articles tagged ”IgGZERO”
Analytical Methods to Monitor Site-Specific ADC Generation with GlyCLICK®
Scientists at the University of Strasbourg and University of Geneva use innovative native MS and IM methodologies for analytical characterization of a site-specific ADC generated with the GlyCLICK technology.
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) combine the benefits of tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies with the cytotoxic effect of drug payloads covalently linked to the antibody. The ADC generation process has evolved from non-selective and uncontrolled conjugation in early generation products, to site-specific conjugation resulting in homogenous and well-defined ADCs. Conjugation at the antibody Fc glycan sites using the GlyCLICK technology has proven to be an attractive option for the generation of site-specific ADCs.
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A New Assay to Study IgG Galactosylation in Serum
In a study by Vanderschaeghe et al. (2018), a new assay to measure IgG galactosylation in serum has been developed. The setup includes hydrolysis of IgG Fc glycans using the IgG-specific endoglycosidase IgGZERO® (EndoS).
A reduced level of IgG galactosylation in serum is a promising biomarker to evaluate the severity, determine the treatment and assess the efficacy of the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Crohn’s disease.
Traditionally, it has been difficult to study IgG galactosylation in serum because of the requirement to purify the antibodies, a procedure that is both complex and time-consuming. However, Vanderschaeghe et al. demonstrate a new assay where IgGZERO is used to efficiently hydrolyze serum IgG Fc glycans before analyzing galactosylation on high-throughput DNA sequencers. IgGZERO works on natively folded IgG, meaning that the assay can be performed on complex serum without first needing to purify the IgG, a feature that renders the assay both fast and simple.
The authors conclude by describing their new IgGZERO-based assay:
“… an important breakthrough towards the clinical implementation of the proposed biomarker” (Vanderschaeghe et al. 2018).
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Antibody Glycation Study using Intact LC-MS
A new study from Janssen by Mo et al, demonstrates the use of intact mass spectrometry to determine the levels of glycation on therapeutic antibodies. To perform the assay, the authors used IgGZERO for rapid removal of the Fc-glycans.
Glycation occurs when reducing sugars such as glucose, galactose or fructose, reacts with protein amino acids through the Maillard reaction, and results in attachment of sugars to the protein. For therapeutic antibodies, glycation not only increases the heterogeneity of the drug but may also affect safety and efficacy.
To study the level of glycation on antibodies, the authors used both intact mass of the reduced antibody and peptide mapping to find the +162 Da mass shift indicating an addition of a hexose sugar. The Fc-glycan of an antibody contain 0, 1 or 2 galactose sugars that also gives a mass shift of 162 Da. To specifically remove the Fc-glycans, the scientist used IgGZERO (EndoS) from Genovis. Using this enzymatic pretreatment, the authors could determine glycation levels using intact mass spectrometry.
The authors found the peptide mapping and the intact LC-MS to give correlating results but conclude: “intact LC- MS is a quicker and simpler method to quantitate the total glycation levels and is more useful for routine testing”(Mo et al. 2018).
Find the full text of the paper here:
New references on IgG glycosylation, glycation and ADC characterization using IgGZERO and FabRICATOR
New references are out using Genovis enzymes to study antibody glycation, pairing of high-mannose glycans and ADC characterization using CE-MS.