Question 1

What fluorescent labels can I use with the GlyCLICK technology?

Felicia Mejare · Accepted Answer

GlyCLICK is available in kit formats with AlexaFluor®488, AlexaFluor®555, AlexaFluor®647 or in the Azide Activation kit format for conjugation of a label of choice. With the fluorescent label being alkyne-modified (carrying for example DIBO, DBCO or BCN) it is possible to combine it with the GlyCLICK azide activation kit.

Question 2

Why do I need to use an alkyne-functionalized label with GlyCLICK?

Felicia Mejare · Accepted Answer

The final step of GlyCLICK labeling kit is based on a copper free click reaction (SPAAC) and it is a strain promoted reaction between an azide and an alkyne-carrying label. As the name indicates the reaction occurs spontaneously due to the strained bond angles. The use of this click reaction that forms stable conjugates, allows you to freely choose label or payload to combine with your IgG as long as it is alkyne-functionalized. Several alkyne-carrying labels are commercially available with cyclooctyne structures such as DIBO, DBCO or BCN.

Question 3

How do I perform quality control of the conjugation process?

Felicia Mejare · Accepted Answer

Characterization using LC-MS will give a complete and clear picture of mass shift associated with successful conjugation if the antibody is analyzed reduced or fragmented. LC or LC-MS analysis of HC from a reduced sample or scFc fragments generated by FabRICATOR digestion provides distinct elution peaks for conjugated scFc or mass shifts corresponding to the degree of labelling (DOL) following conjugation. On the application page you can see an example of such analysis. Analysis of fluorescently labeled antibodies can also be performed by absorbance measurements and calculate the DOL using the Extinction coefficient for the antibody and the label and the correction factor for the label.

Question 4

What is the conjugation efficacy using GlyCLICK?

Felicia Mejare · Accepted Answer

All the steps (deglycosylation, azide activation and click reaction) in GlyCLICK are highly efficient. Normally, all molecules are conjugated when using GlyCLICK, resulting in DOL=2. On the application page we have shown by MS-analysis that all molecules have been conjugated and there is no remaining un-conjugated material.

Question 5

What is the conjugation efficacy using GlyCLICK?

Felicia Mejare · Accepted Answer

All the steps (deglycosylation, azide activation and click reaction) in GlyCLICK are highly efficient. Normally, all molecules are conjugated when using GlyCLICK, resulting in DOL=2. On the application page we have shown by MS-analysis that all molecules have been conjugated and there is no remaining un-conjugated material.

Question 6

Can I freeze antibodies after biotinylation using GlyCLICK?

Felicia Mejare · Accepted Answer

Problems can arise from freezing of the conjugates. We cannot guarantee the quality after freezing and therefore recommend storage at +4°C.

Question 7

Why do I need to use an alkyne-functionalized label with GlyCLICK?

Felicia Mejare · Accepted Answer

The final step of GlyCLICK labeling kit is based on a copper free click reaction (SPAAC) and it is a strain promoted reaction between an azide and an alkyne-carrying label. As the name indicates the reaction occurs spontaneously due to the strained bond angles. The use of this click reaction that forms stable conjugates, allows you to freely choose label or payload to combine with your IgG as long as it is alkyne-functionalized. Several alkyne-carrying labels are commercially available with cyclooctyne structures such as DIBO, DBCO or BCN.

Question 8

How do I perform quality control of the conjugation process?

Felicia Mejare · Accepted Answer

Characterization using LC-MS will give a complete and clear picture of mass shift associated with successful conjugation if the antibody is analyzed reduced or fragmented. LC or LC-MS analysis of HC from a reduced sample or scFc fragments generated by FabRICATOR digestion provides distinct elution peaks for conjugated scFc or mass shifts corresponding to the degree of labelling (DOL) following conjugation. On the application page you can see an example of such analysis. Analysis of fluorescently labeled antibodies can also be performed by absorbance measurements and calculate the DOL using the Extinction coefficient for the antibody and the label and the correction factor for the label.

Question 9

What is the conjugation efficacy using GlyCLICK?

Felicia Mejare · Accepted Answer

All the steps (deglycosylation, azide activation and click reaction) in GlyCLICK are highly efficient. Normally, all molecules are conjugated when using GlyCLICK, resulting in DOL=2. On the application page we have shown by MS-analysis that all molecules have been conjugated and there is no remaining un-conjugated material.

Question 10

What is the conjugation efficacy using GlyCLICK?

Felicia Mejare · Accepted Answer

All the steps (deglycosylation, azide activation and click reaction) in GlyCLICK are highly efficient. Normally, all molecules are conjugated when using GlyCLICK, resulting in DOL=2. On the application page we have shown by MS-analysis that all molecules have been conjugated and there is no remaining un-conjugated material.

Question 11

Which isotopes can I use to radiolabel IgG after chelation using GlyCLICK?

Felicia Mejare · Accepted Answer

The GlyCLICK technology can be used to conjugate IgG with Desferrioxamine (DFO) using the GlyCLICK DFO kit. The DFO is a chelating agent for radiolabeling with the radioisotope Zirconium-89 (89Zr) for PET-imaging. The Azide Activation kit can be used to conjugate a chelator of choice if it is alkyne-modified (carrying for example DIBO, DBCO or BCN) to be compatible with the click chemistry.

Question 12

Why do I need to use an alkyne-functionalized label with GlyCLICK?

Felicia Mejare · Accepted Answer

The final step of GlyCLICK labeling kit is based on a copper free click reaction (SPAAC) and it is a strain promoted reaction between an azide and an alkyne-carrying label. As the name indicates the reaction occurs spontaneously due to the strained bond angles. The use of this click reaction that forms stable conjugates, allows you to freely choose label or payload to combine with your IgG as long as it is alkyne-functionalized. Several alkyne-carrying labels are commercially available with cyclooctyne structures such as DIBO, DBCO or BCN.

Question 13

How do I perform quality control of the conjugation process?

Felicia Mejare · Accepted Answer

Characterization using LC-MS will give a complete and clear picture of mass shift associated with successful conjugation if the antibody is analyzed reduced or fragmented. LC or LC-MS analysis of HC from a reduced sample or scFc fragments generated by FabRICATOR digestion provides distinct elution peaks for conjugated scFc or mass shifts corresponding to the degree of labelling (DOL) following conjugation. On the application page you can see an example of such analysis. Analysis of fluorescently labeled antibodies can also be performed by absorbance measurements and calculate the DOL using the Extinction coefficient for the antibody and the label and the correction factor for the label.

Question 14

What is the conjugation efficacy using GlyCLICK?

Felicia Mejare · Accepted Answer

All the steps (deglycosylation, azide activation and click reaction) in GlyCLICK are highly efficient. Normally, all molecules are conjugated when using GlyCLICK, resulting in DOL=2. On the application page we have shown by MS-analysis that all molecules have been conjugated and there is no remaining un-conjugated material.

Question 15

What is the conjugation efficacy using GlyCLICK?

Felicia Mejare · Accepted Answer

All the steps (deglycosylation, azide activation and click reaction) in GlyCLICK are highly efficient. Normally, all molecules are conjugated when using GlyCLICK, resulting in DOL=2. On the application page we have shown by MS-analysis that all molecules have been conjugated and there is no remaining un-conjugated material.

Question 16

What fluorescent labels can I use with the GlyCLICK technology?

Felicia Mejare · Accepted Answer

GlyCLICK is available in kit formats with AlexaFluor®488, AlexaFluor®555, AlexaFluor®647 or in the Azide Activation kit format for conjugation of a label of choice. With the fluorescent label being alkyne-modified (carrying for example DIBO, DBCO or BCN) it is possible to combine it with the GlyCLICK azide activation kit.

Question 17

Which isotopes can I use to radiolabel IgG after chelation using GlyCLICK?

Felicia Mejare · Accepted Answer

The GlyCLICK technology can be used to conjugate IgG with Desferrioxamine (DFO) using the GlyCLICK DFO kit. The DFO is a chelating agent for radiolabeling with the radioisotope Zirconium-89 (89Zr) for PET-imaging. The Azide Activation kit can be used to conjugate a chelator of choice if it is alkyne-modified (carrying for example DIBO, DBCO or BCN) to be compatible with the click chemistry.

Question 18

Can I freeze antibodies after biotinylation using GlyCLICK?

Felicia Mejare · Accepted Answer

Problems can arise from freezing of the conjugates. We cannot guarantee the quality after freezing and therefore recommend storage at +4°C.

Question 19

For how long can I store azide activated antibodies?

Felicia Mejare · Accepted Answer

The stability of azide activated material varies depending on the antibody and if stabilizing agents have been added. In our labs we have stored azide activated antibodies in TBS buffer without any additives at +4°C for over two years. The azide activation was still OK, and the click reaction generated antibodies with DOL=2. If azide is added as a preservative during long-term storage, it must be removed prior to click reaction.

Question 20

Why do I need to use an alkyne-functionalized label with GlyCLICK?

Felicia Mejare · Accepted Answer

The final step of GlyCLICK labeling kit is based on a copper free click reaction (SPAAC) and it is a strain promoted reaction between an azide and an alkyne-carrying label. As the name indicates the reaction occurs spontaneously due to the strained bond angles. The use of this click reaction that forms stable conjugates, allows you to freely choose label or payload to combine with your IgG as long as it is alkyne-functionalized. Several alkyne-carrying labels are commercially available with cyclooctyne structures such as DIBO, DBCO or BCN.

Question 21

Why do I need to use an alkyne-functionalized label with GlyCLICK?

Felicia Mejare · Accepted Answer

The final step of GlyCLICK labeling kit is based on a copper free click reaction (SPAAC) and it is a strain promoted reaction between an azide and an alkyne-carrying label. As the name indicates the reaction occurs spontaneously due to the strained bond angles. The use of this click reaction that forms stable conjugates, allows you to freely choose label or payload to combine with your IgG as long as it is alkyne-functionalized. Several alkyne-carrying labels are commercially available with cyclooctyne structures such as DIBO, DBCO or BCN.

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SmartStories

Analysis of Afucosylation Levels

GlyCLICK Fluorophore

GlyCLICK Biotin

GlyCLICK DFO

Hydrolysis of Flexible Linkers

SmartEnzymes Conjugation

Genovis Group Dots

Fluorescent imaging

GlyCLICK